For researchers and advanced practitioners in MPC and ZK, Abricot offers a clean, expressive syntax to prototype and analyze protocols before committing to low-level implementations. As the field of secure computation matures, tools like Abricot may become essential for building the next generation of privacy-preserving applications. Note: Because abricot-language-kotlin may be an internal or less-documented project, always refer to its official repository for the most accurate and up-to-date syntax and features. This article is based on common patterns in cryptographic DSLs and the described architecture of similar systems.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ High-level DSL (Kotlin) │ │ protocol input(...) output(...) ... │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Intermediate Representation │ │ (IR) – Linearized sequence of gates │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Analysis Modules │ │ - Information flow │ │ - Leakage detection │ │ - Complexity estimation │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Code Generation Backends │ │ - MP-SPDZ │ │ - SCALE-MAMBA (for ZK) │ │ - Custom networking stubs (Kotlin/Netty) │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ | Feature | Abricot (Kotlin) | Circom (ZK-SNARKs) | MP-SPDZ high-level | |------------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | Host language | Kotlin (JVM) | Custom language | Python-like script | | Type system | Full Kotlin types + Secret | Static, signal-based | Dynamic | | Reusable sub-protocols | Yes (functions) | Yes (templates) | Yes (functions) | | Automatic malicious security | Partially via ZK insertion | No (must specify constraints) | Via compiler flags | | IDE support | Full (IntelliJ) | Limited | Limited | | Compilation target | MPC, ZK, simulation | R1CS + witness | Various MPC engines | 5. Example: Proactive Secret Sharing in Abricot One of the classic use cases for Abricot is proactive secret sharing — where shares are refreshed periodically to maintain security against mobile adversaries.
Then write your first protocol:
val proactiveRefresh = protocol val parties = listOf(p1, p2, p3) val oldShares = inputShares(parties) // Each party generates a random blinding share val randoms = parties.map randomShare()
// Locally refresh: new_share = old_share + random_share - random_share_from_prev val newShares = parties.indices.map i -> add(oldShares[i], randoms[i]) abric-language-kotlin
// build.gradle.kts dependencies implementation("fr.ens.abricot:abricot-core:0.5.0") implementation("fr.ens.abricot:backend-mpc:0.5.0")
// Send random contributions to the next party parties.indices.forEach i -> val next = (i + 1) % parties.size send(randoms[i] to parties[next]) For researchers and advanced practitioners in MPC and
output(finalShares, parties)