Indian Summer -

| Region | Name | Notes | |--------|------|-------| | United Kingdom & Ireland | St. Martin’s Summer | Around Nov 11 (St. Martin’s Day). | | Germany, Netherlands, Poland | Old Wives’ Summer / Golden October | References spider webs (“gossamer”) and autumn warmth. | | Balkans (e.g., Serbia) | Miholjsko ljeto (St. Michael’s Summer) | Early October, around St. Michael’s Day (Sept 29). | | Russia & Eastern Europe | Babye Leto (“Old Wives’ Summer”) | Late September to mid-October. | | South America (Argentina, Chile) | Veranillo de San Juan (St. John’s Little Summer) | Occurs in late June, their early winter. | | China | Xiaoyangchun (“Little Spring”) | Late autumn warm spell. |

1. Definition & Core Concept An Indian summer refers to a meteorological and cultural phenomenon that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, typically in late autumn (mid-October to late November). It is defined as a period of unseasonably warm, dry, and calm weather, often accompanied by hazy skies, following the first killing frost of autumn. indian summer